Metallurgicalscience

                      STEEL MAKING  LD CONVERTOR:-                                       LD full form is Linz and donawinz a place in austria in 1952 INTRODUCTION:-                                                    The furnace is very similar in design to that of Bessemar convertor except that the bottom is solid and oxygen is blown vertically from top.        All oxygen steel making process are autogeneous like bessemer and need matten pig iron as a change material.  Steel scrap is used as a coolant since excess heat is available in this processes. The refining is complate in about 20-25 minutes time of 40-60 minute is needed.  Charge material used in LD Convertor:-  1.) Refractories in convertor 2.) Hot metal 3.) Fuxes 4.) Steel scrap and ore 5.) Oxygen Refractories In Convertor:-                                                            The total weight of refractory material required for lining is nearly the Three time.    First an inner leval of " magnisite " burn dolo