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MODERN BLAST FURNACE PLANT & PROCESS

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  Modern blast furnace plant consists of the following importants sections : 1. Blast furnace proper 2. Hot blast supply equipments 3. Gas cleaning system and gas storage  4. Raw material storage and handling  5. Liquid products disposal 6. Process control equipments. The schematic arrangement of the various sections in a modern blast furnace.  A typical lay-out of the blast furnace plant is  MODERN BLAST FURNACE modern blast furnace is nearly a 30 m (about 100 feet) tallw welded plate construction with a circular cross section of varying size a different levels. The cross section area increase from the top or throat downwards, a maximum being at the bosh level and it decreases thereafter. The structure essentially consists of the foundationt the hearth, the bosh, the mantle and columns, the stack the rawm material hauling and charging facilities and the top A typical set of dimension of a furnace producing 2000t of pig iron per day and with an effective inner volume in the range of ar
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LD CONVERTOR

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                      STEEL MAKING  LD CONVERTOR:-                                       LD full form is Linz and donawinz a place in austria in 1952 INTRODUCTION:-                                                    The furnace is very similar in design to that of Bessemar convertor except that the bottom is solid and oxygen is blown vertically from top.        All oxygen steel making process are autogeneous like bessemer and need matten pig iron as a change material.  Steel scrap is used as a coolant since excess heat is available in this processes. The refining is complate in about 20-25 minutes time of 40-60 minute is needed.  Charge material used in LD Convertor:-  1.) Refractories in convertor 2.) Hot metal 3.) Fuxes 4.) Steel scrap and ore 5.) Oxygen Refractories In Convertor:-                                                            The total weight of refractory material required for lining is nearly the Three time.    First an inner leval of " magnisite " burn dolo
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Copper Basic concept

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  Copper ores, Proparties, uses, Alloy.  ( cu) :-               Atomic no. :-              29             Atomic weight:-         63.54amu             Density :-                     8.94gm/cm            Melting point :-           1083°C            Boiling point :-            2595°C              Symbol :-                    cu  COPPER ORES :------------            ORE                                            FORMULA 1) Chalcosite                                    cu2s 2) Chalcopyrite                                cuFes2 3) Bornite                                         cu5Fes4 4) Covellite                                           cus 5) Cuprite                                            cu2O COPPER PROPARTIES:---------------- 1)Colour:- Raddish - Brown metal 2) Malleability:- Capable of being shaped or  bent 3) Ductility:- Easily pulled or stretched into a thin wire 4) Luster :- Has a shine or grow 5) Conductivity:-  Excellent transmission of     heat or electricity COPPER USES:--
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Aluminium basic concepts

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Aluminium ore, proparties, uses, Alloy ( Al) :-                       Atomic no. :-            13                Atomic mass :-         27                Density   :-                 2.70g/cm                Melting point:-         660°C                Boiling point:-          2470°C                Cystal structure:-     F. C. C                Major ore:-                Bauxite      Ores                                    formula  • Bauxite                             Al2O3. H2O  • Corundum                           Al2O3  • Felspar                              K. Al. Si3. O8  • Cryolite                              Na3. Al. F6  • Alanite                      K2SO4. Al(SO4)3.4Al(OH)3 ALUMINIUM PROPARTIES:-----  1) Very low specific weight.  2) Aluminium is a good thermal and electrial        conductor.  3) Aluminium melting point 660°C 4) Aluminium boiling point 2200°C  ALUMINIUM USES :------------- 1) Power lines 2) High rise buildings 3) Window frames  4) Aircaraft components  5) Spac
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IMPORTANT ORE DEPOSIT IN INDIA

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 ## Important ore deposit in india ## 1.) Bauxite:-  odisha , A.P , Gujrat , Chhattisgarh , M.P , Jarkhand , M.H , Major deposits are concentrated in the cast iron bauxite deposit of odisha and A.p 2.) Chomite:- odisha , Jaipur,  Manipur , Karnataka  3.) Copper:- Rajasthan , M.P , Jharkhand  4.) Gold:- Karnataka , A.P , Bihar , Rajasthan , West Bengal  , M.P 5.) Iron ore:-                          ● Hematite:- Odisha, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, goa                          ● magnetic:- Karnataka, A.P, Tamilnadu 6.) Lead- Zinc:- Rajasthan,  Bihar, M.H , M.P, A.P, Gujrat, uttarakhand, West Bengal, odisha, sikkim, Tamilnadu. 7.) Manganes:- Odisha, Karnataka,  M.P, M.H, A.P, Jharkhand, goa 8.) Nickel:- odisha , Jharkhand, nagaland , Karnataka  9.) Tungstan:- Karnataka, Rajasthan, A.P, M.H  10.) Diamand:- M.P, A.P,  11.) Dolomite:- M.P, A.P, Chhattisgarh,  odisha, Karnataka  12.) Gypsum:- Rajasthan,  Jammu & kasmir, Gujrat, Tamilnadu. ●Metallurgicalscience.blogspot.com N.P.D ..
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Physical Properties Of Minerals

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 Physical Properties Of Minerals  ● It depends upon the kinds and arrangement of atoms in their crystal structure. The physical properties can be determined without the use of chemical tests. ● Ore processing make we of many physical properties of minerals. The difference in behavir between valuable and waste minerals affords the methods for their separation. 1.) Transparency:- The ease with which we can see through a mineral. A.) OPAQUE B.)TRANSPERENT C.) TRANSLUCENT 2.) Lustre:- The lustre of mineral refers of its surface appearance. This may be defined as the amount and quality of the reflection of light from the mineral surface. A.) METALLIC LUSTRE B.) NON-METALLIC LUSTRE 3.) Colour:- Colour of mineral is due to absostion of certain wavelength of dight energy by the atoms making up the crystal. The remaining wavalenghts of the light that are not absolved give the sensation of colour to the eye. It is measured with the help of spectrometer. ● metallic minerals , generally are of con
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Introduction of mineral and mineral processing

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  Mineral and mineral processing                        Metallurgy is the science and art of extraction metal for their ore, refining them and preparing than for use.  Mineral :- ●Naturally occurring substance of metals                              present in the earth crust are called                                    mineral.                     ● All mineral are not ore.                     ● Some minerals may contain a large % of                            metal where as others may contain only                             a small % of metal                     ● Mineral are native from in which metal                             exist. Ore:-   ● Minerals which can be used to obtain the                          metal profitably are called ore.            ● All ore are not minerals.            ● Ore contain a good % of metal.            ● Ore are mineral deposit. The useful minerals                   are called ore  Ore:- Is the mineral from which the metal is                       
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